Everything published, in the order it happened

All medicines for type 2 diabetes lower blood glucose. Where the groups differ mainly concerns additional benefits and side effects. Some may cause weight gain where others can result in weight loss. Most carry little risk of glucose falling too low on their own, while sulfonylureas and insulin raise that risk. Some products approved for…

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a long-term rise in the force of blood on the artery walls that usually causes no symptoms but raises the risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) put the number of adults aged 30 to 79 with hypertension at 1.4 billion in 2024,…

Heart failure is a syndrome in which the heart either cannot pump enough blood for the needs of the body or manages only at abnormally high internal pressure. The heart is still beating, but it is not functioning at its best. The Global Burden of Disease study, a worldwide modeling program, put the number of…

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a buildup of fat in the liver (steatosis) that is not caused by heavy drinking and is closely tied to excess weight, raised blood sugar, and abnormal blood fats. Since 2023, it has been called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). About 30% of adults worldwide were living with…

Type 1 diabetes develops when the immune system destroys beta cells (the cells in the pancreas that make insulin), mostly by an autoimmune (self-attacking) process, eventually leaving little or no insulin. Despite being known as a juvenile disease, type 1 diabetes can develop at any age. Type 2 diabetes also develops at any age but…

Type 2 diabetes is a long-term disorder in which blood glucose rises above the healthy range because insulin works less well and, over time, the pancreas makes less of it. The International Diabetes Federation estimated that 589 million adults aged 20 to 79 were living with diabetes in 2024, about one in nine, a total…

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of five linked measurements that together mark higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. An estimated 1.54 billion adults worldwide had metabolic syndrome in 2023, 28.4% of adults. Fat stored deep inside the abdomen helps drive the process. That fat releases fatty substances and inflammatory signals into the…

Cardiovascular disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. These include coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, heart valve disease, and certain heart conditions present at birth. An estimated 19.8 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2022, about 32% of all deaths worldwide, according to the…